Orange
I want to upgrade from using my iphone4(youtube.com/user/justinsinthewoods), I'm a novice, and I film during cloudy days and dark evenings.
still cameras, dslr, slr, I don't know what any of that are.
Answer
All digital cameras come down to three types; DSLRs, Mirrorless, and Compact cameras.
DSLR means "digital single lens reflex", and is what most non-photographers call "professional cameras" (although there is a professional - advanced amateur - and beginner level for these cameras). Examples are a Nikon D7100, Canon T3i, etc. These are also the higher cost cameras. Costing anywhere from $500 to $20,000 or more, depending on lenses.
SLRs, which are similar to DSLRs, are the original 35mm film cameras. When digital came about, manufacturers took the existing SLR format (which means you can use the same lenses) and converted them by replacing the film mechanics with a digital sensor. the "D" in DSLR means it is a digital version of a SLR.
Mirrorless cameras are typically one step down from a DSLR, and are generally lighter and smaller - although some of these cameras can use the larger DSLR lenses with an adapter. For some, these cameras combine good performance and a smaller package (than DSLRs). Examples are Sony NEX, Micro Four Thirds, and Nikon 1. These are the mid-cost cameras, and range from $300 to $2,000, again depending on lenses.
Compact cameras are the smallest and cheapest of the digital cameras. They have non-interchangeable zoom lenses (although there are a few exceptions), and sometimes high power zooms, up to 50x and beyond. Compact cameras range from $50 all the way up to $1,000.
First and foremost, the main difference between these three types of cameras is the sensor size. This is not the number of megapixels, but rather, the physical size of the sensor. DSLR sensors are around 300~800 sq mm, Mirrorless range from 100~300 sq mm, and compact cameras range from 25~50 sq mm. Compare that to your iPhone which is around 4 sq mm.
Therefore, the best DSLRs will have a physical sensor size 200 times the surface area as your iPhone.
Generally speaking, a larger sensor lets in more light, as there is more surface area that can gather light. So the primary improvement as you move up in camera type is the low-light capability.
Next come lenses. DSLRs and Mirrorless cameras have interchangeable lenses, while compact cameras do not. These lenses can be quite large and expensive. But like the sensors, larger lenses can let in more light. "CAN" is the key here though as there are some lenses that let in more light than others. Also, the larger lenses tend to be optically better; sharper, better contrast, and other factors that produce a better photo.
DSLRs and to a degree, Mirrorless cameras give you the most flexible control over the camera. In some modes, you have total exposure control over the camera. However, this requires you to learn about the fundamentals of photography, as with these powerful cameras, some knowledge is needed. Some of the very best compact cameras have a limited subset of this control.
Finally, compact cameras. Due to the pressure from iPhones, this market - the lower-to-mid end of the market is shrinking, so manufacturers are all trying to one-up their competition to retain market share.
Unfortunately, this is leading to less than quality results in some cases as the manufacturers push the envelope with megapixel counts, high power zooms, and dubious features. Not all of these results produce good cameras. So at this point, compact cameras are like the wild west when it comes to marketing. Still, there are a lot of good cameras in this segment - there is just a lot of duds as well.
Compact cameras - most of them anyway, are totally automatic, so you do not need to know anything about photography to use. These are referred as point-and-shoot cameras, and are not unlike your iPhone when it comes to control over the camera. However, many people don't want to be bothered by having to know photography, so most compacts don't offer such flexibility.
If you go to a well established camera shop, you are likely to get better advice than the Best Buy salesman. Hopefully they will steer you around the lower quality cameras.
There are a few specific cameras that do not fit this generalization, but this is mostly accurate.
All digital cameras come down to three types; DSLRs, Mirrorless, and Compact cameras.
DSLR means "digital single lens reflex", and is what most non-photographers call "professional cameras" (although there is a professional - advanced amateur - and beginner level for these cameras). Examples are a Nikon D7100, Canon T3i, etc. These are also the higher cost cameras. Costing anywhere from $500 to $20,000 or more, depending on lenses.
SLRs, which are similar to DSLRs, are the original 35mm film cameras. When digital came about, manufacturers took the existing SLR format (which means you can use the same lenses) and converted them by replacing the film mechanics with a digital sensor. the "D" in DSLR means it is a digital version of a SLR.
Mirrorless cameras are typically one step down from a DSLR, and are generally lighter and smaller - although some of these cameras can use the larger DSLR lenses with an adapter. For some, these cameras combine good performance and a smaller package (than DSLRs). Examples are Sony NEX, Micro Four Thirds, and Nikon 1. These are the mid-cost cameras, and range from $300 to $2,000, again depending on lenses.
Compact cameras are the smallest and cheapest of the digital cameras. They have non-interchangeable zoom lenses (although there are a few exceptions), and sometimes high power zooms, up to 50x and beyond. Compact cameras range from $50 all the way up to $1,000.
First and foremost, the main difference between these three types of cameras is the sensor size. This is not the number of megapixels, but rather, the physical size of the sensor. DSLR sensors are around 300~800 sq mm, Mirrorless range from 100~300 sq mm, and compact cameras range from 25~50 sq mm. Compare that to your iPhone which is around 4 sq mm.
Therefore, the best DSLRs will have a physical sensor size 200 times the surface area as your iPhone.
Generally speaking, a larger sensor lets in more light, as there is more surface area that can gather light. So the primary improvement as you move up in camera type is the low-light capability.
Next come lenses. DSLRs and Mirrorless cameras have interchangeable lenses, while compact cameras do not. These lenses can be quite large and expensive. But like the sensors, larger lenses can let in more light. "CAN" is the key here though as there are some lenses that let in more light than others. Also, the larger lenses tend to be optically better; sharper, better contrast, and other factors that produce a better photo.
DSLRs and to a degree, Mirrorless cameras give you the most flexible control over the camera. In some modes, you have total exposure control over the camera. However, this requires you to learn about the fundamentals of photography, as with these powerful cameras, some knowledge is needed. Some of the very best compact cameras have a limited subset of this control.
Finally, compact cameras. Due to the pressure from iPhones, this market - the lower-to-mid end of the market is shrinking, so manufacturers are all trying to one-up their competition to retain market share.
Unfortunately, this is leading to less than quality results in some cases as the manufacturers push the envelope with megapixel counts, high power zooms, and dubious features. Not all of these results produce good cameras. So at this point, compact cameras are like the wild west when it comes to marketing. Still, there are a lot of good cameras in this segment - there is just a lot of duds as well.
Compact cameras - most of them anyway, are totally automatic, so you do not need to know anything about photography to use. These are referred as point-and-shoot cameras, and are not unlike your iPhone when it comes to control over the camera. However, many people don't want to be bothered by having to know photography, so most compacts don't offer such flexibility.
If you go to a well established camera shop, you are likely to get better advice than the Best Buy salesman. Hopefully they will steer you around the lower quality cameras.
There are a few specific cameras that do not fit this generalization, but this is mostly accurate.
DSLR Camera........................................?
sya
In the next few months, im hoping to get a dslr camera. I know they cost a lot, so im trying to do research now. What would be the best type to get with kids running around (so the pics dont get blurry, and be able to take pics, in low light situations without using flash)? Also do they come with a lense or do I have to buy each one separately? If I have to buy them, what kind do I need to look for?
Thanks
Answer
It doesn't matter what camera you buy, without the right lens for low light, you're going to be disappointed. Remember any camera "lives" on light. No camera on the planet can take excellent low light shots without the correct lens.
One of my cameras is the Canon Rebel XS - an excellent camera by the way if you know how to operate it properly. Trust me, there is a learning curve to these cameras and to achieve technical quality you're going to have to learn the camera.
That said Canon makes a pretty good low light lens - the 50mm f/1.8. It does pretty well in low light, especially if there some window light in the room. As I said cameras live on light and without
it no lens will do absolutely well but this combination will come pretty close. Package with the
"kit" lens, an 18-55 and the 50mm f/1.8 will run at current prices about $600. That's the on line price, not in stores. In stores it'll be at least another $50 to $75 for the same package.
As I eluded to above the camera, at $500, comes with what they call a "kit" lens. Because the camera comes with a battery, charger, cables and a lens it's called a kit. Part of that kit is the
18-55 lens.
It doesn't matter what camera you buy, without the right lens for low light, you're going to be disappointed. Remember any camera "lives" on light. No camera on the planet can take excellent low light shots without the correct lens.
One of my cameras is the Canon Rebel XS - an excellent camera by the way if you know how to operate it properly. Trust me, there is a learning curve to these cameras and to achieve technical quality you're going to have to learn the camera.
That said Canon makes a pretty good low light lens - the 50mm f/1.8. It does pretty well in low light, especially if there some window light in the room. As I said cameras live on light and without
it no lens will do absolutely well but this combination will come pretty close. Package with the
"kit" lens, an 18-55 and the 50mm f/1.8 will run at current prices about $600. That's the on line price, not in stores. In stores it'll be at least another $50 to $75 for the same package.
As I eluded to above the camera, at $500, comes with what they call a "kit" lens. Because the camera comes with a battery, charger, cables and a lens it's called a kit. Part of that kit is the
18-55 lens.
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